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A arte do urbanismo conveniente: O decoro na implantação de novas povoações em Minas Gerais na primeira metade do século XVIII []
En este artículo se presentan evidencias de que el decoro – doctrina fundamental del pensamiento y del arte desde la antigüedad– fue uno de los preceptos considerados por los agentes portugueses y brasileños en la construcción de nuevos asentamientos en Minas Gerais, en la primera mitad de siglo XVIII. Se estudian los fundamentos de la doctrina, desarrollada en los tratados antiguos y modernos de arquitectura e ingeniería militar, que los portugueses estaban leyendo y desarrollando desde el siglo XVI, estimulado por el régimen poético-retórico que ha guiado las prácticas artísticas de los siglos XVII y XVIII. A través del análisis de los centros urbanos y los documentos primarios, buscamos entender cómo la consideración del decoro ha contribuido en "opciones de sitios", en el "aumento" y "conservación" de los nuevos asentamientos. La congruencia entre el precepto "regular" del decoro y el establecimiento de nuevos asentamientos en Minas Gerais proporciona otras perspectivas interesantes para la comprensión de sus formaciones, consideradas durante mucho tiempo como "desordenadas" y "espontáneas".
Palabras Claves: decoro, conveniencia, urbanización, Minas Gerais/Brasil, siglo XVIII.
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A arte do urbanismo conveniente: O decoro na implantação de novas povoações em Minas Gerais na primeira metade do século XVIII []
The main purpose of this research is to present evidences proving that decorum – a theory that since the classical antiquity has been fundamental to the occidental thought– was one of the principles taken into account by the Portuguese-Brazilian agents in the implantation of new settlements in the Minas Gerais region, in the first half of the 18th century. We studied the fundaments of the architectural and military engineering theories developed in the ancient and modern treatises, which the Portuguese had been reading and elaborating on since the 16th century, stimulated by the existence of a “rhetorical regime”, to guide the actions and production in the 17th-18th century Portuguese-Brazilian universe. Departing from that time, we sought, through the analysis of the remaining urban compounds and primary sources from that time, to understand how the consideration of such fundaments would have contributed to the “choice of sites”, and to the “growth” and “preservation” of such settlements. The congruence of the “regular” decorum principle - adequacy and the convenience of means and ends -and these processes, by which new settlements were established in Minas Gerais, caused the emergence of other perspectives that have opened the way to a better understanding of their formation, which has for a long time been regarded as predominantly “irregular”, as a result of “spontaneous” urban “developments”.
Key Words: decorum, convenience, urbanization, Minas Gerais/Brazil, 18th century.
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